This study investigated the potential endanger of alien plant sonneratia apetala. Pdf regeneration diversity of mangrove species inside. Large scale coastal plantations with sonneratia apetala have been established by the forest department along the coastline of bangladesh since 1966. While every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and uptodate information available, ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in.
Among the eight mangrove species used in mangrove reforestation in china, sonneratia apetala buch. It has then been introduced into other places since 1991. It is called keora in bengali and mangrove apple in english. It looks close to sonneratia alba but not aware about the differences between other species. Leaf epicuticular and pollen ultrastructure of sonneratia apetala and s. There has been long time speculation regarding the invasive capacity. We then assessed how environmental conditions sun angle, cloud cover, etc. Fei li 1, li tuo 2, zhiwei su 1, xiaoqun wei 3, xiaoyong zhang 4. Pdf use of sonneratia apetala allelopathy to control. Appropriate techniques have been employed to recover the diverse types of biological remains.
Solid lines indicate that such linkages are supported by experimental data in this study or literatures, and dashed lines indicate possible linkages supported only by literatures. Here, we studied the change in vegetation and the soil carbon stocks along the chronosequence of s. A conceptual model of methane metabolism in the sediment of introduced mangrove species s. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Invasive capacity of the mangrove sonneratia apetala in. Changes of ecosystem carbon stock following the plantation. Nature and periodicity of growth rings were investigated in sonneratia apetala and heritiera fomes, two bangladeshi mangrove species. Regeneration diversity of mangrove species inside sonneratia. Ham occupies about 95% of the restoration area liao et al. Exotic species sonneratia apetala semantic scholar. Mycorrhizal fungi commonly associated with the roots of many forest trees, orchid seedlings, pine seedlings, etc. Financial analysis of keora sonneratia apetala plantations.
Hybridization between introduced and native species is highly likely as human introduction removes spatial barriers. Sonneratia apetala has been shown to suppress the growth of native mangrove species and. Nature and periodicity of growth rings in two bangladeshi. This page was last edited on 11 november 2019, at 11. It is a native plant abundantly grown in the worlds largest tidal halophytic forest, the sundarbans along with coastal areas in bangladesh, india, myanmar, thailand, malaysia, indonesia, sri lanka, and china, etc. Forests free fulltext effects of invasive spartina. Method the location observation of the effect of the typical artificial mangrove ecosystem on the windprevention was conducted with automatic weather station. We used a dji phantom 4 uav to map 26 subtidal eelgrass meadows around coastal british columbia, canada. Comparative study on the leaf structures of sonneratia. One of the plant is sonneratia apetala while the plant in last image seem to be rhizophora muronata just a speculation as leaves and other details are missing. Sonneratia apetala family lythraceae is the major pioneer tree species in the sundarbans and thus bears significant ecological role in maintaining sustainability of mangrove forest.
A study was conducted to assess the present stocking and growth performance of this species and status of naturally regenerated mangrove species inside s. Response of sonneratia apetala to salinity in the frame work. Leaf epicuticular and pollen ultrastructural comparisons of. The main objective was to find out financial rotation and profitability of keora plantation. Agb of sonneratia apetala in these three sectors of indian sundarbans namely western, central and eastern sectors. It is sonneratia alba, as in sonneratia apetala only four sepals are seen. Changes of ecosystem carbon stock following the plantation of exotic mangrove sonneratia apetala in qi. Nutrient compositions, mineral elements, antioxidant, sonneratia apetala, mangrove fruit. Effects of prescribed fire, site factors, and seed sources on the spread of invasive triadica sebifera in a firemanaged coastal landscape in southeastern mississippi, usa. The very visible difference between them is colour of stamens stamen bunch is not seen in any of the image. The mangrove sonneratia apetala has been introduced into china since 1985 as a plantation species in coastal area.
Differential clades were denoted by different colors. Structure and function of soil microbial community in. In the western sector, the average agb of the species was 36. Sonneratia is a genus of plants in the family lythraceae.
Objective the effect of the ecological system of sonneratia apetala s. Holocene biostratigraphic zones corresponding litho. Results the results showed that at the scale of 5min,the order of average. Considering 24 stations, distributed in three contrasting salinity regimes in indian sundarbans, we carried out a survey on above ground biomass agb and above ground carbon agc of sonneratia apetala for two decades 19962015. Nicobar islands revealed the presence of sonneratia lanceolata, sonneratia x urama and sonneratia x gulngai. As an initial restoration and reforestation effort, sonneratia apetala, a native of india, bengal and sri lanka, was introduced in 1985 to dong zhaigang mangrove nature reserve in hainan island from bengal.
Volume table of raintree samanea saman in bangladesh by. This natural regeneration could be a second rotation multistoried sustainable mangrove forest in the coastal belt of bangladesh. Their structures were elucidated mainly by 1d and 2d nmr. Four new norsesquiterpene peroxides, named talaperoxides ad 14, as well as one known analogue, steperoxide b 5, or merulin a, have been isolated from a mangrove endophytic fungus, talaromyces flavus. An sonneratia apetala in uska species han magnoliopsida nga ginhulagway ni buch. Considering the carbon storing potential of the species we. Read fungal endophytes associated with sonneratia sonneratiaceae mangrove plants on the south coast of china, forest pathology on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. Growth trials of sonneratia apetala keora raised from three different seed sources were conducted in the newly accreted lands at rangabali under patuakhali and char kukrimukri under bhola district to assess the variation of growth and wood.
Journal of tropical forest science 21 0 20 xin k et al. Use of sonneratia apetala allelopathy to control spartina alterniflora weed article pdf available in allelopathy journal 251 november 2010 with 155 reads how we measure reads. Aug 30, 2014 read structure and function of soil microbial community in artificially planted sonneratia apetala and s. Dynamics and speciesdiversities of artificial sonneratia. It can also be distinguished by its dark or black bark and very round fruits. In addition, there is one species of grass myriostachya wightiana, which is very common in the area but practically unknown elsewhere blasco 1977. There is a mix up meaning the images do not belong to one species. The protective effect of sonneratia apetala fruit extract on.
Studies on the dynamics and speciesdiversities of artificial sonneratia apetala, sonneratia caseolaris and kandelia candel communities showed that the arbor layer of s. Structures of 1, 2, and 5 were further confirmed by singlecrystal xray diffraction, and their absolute configurations were. The genus was also named blatti by james edward smith, but sonneratia had botanical nomenclature priority. Sonneratia caseolaris in the germplasm resources information network grin, u.
The cracked to fissured bark is brownish, turning grey below the tidal mark. From both species we collected three stem discs in the natural forest reserve of the sundarbans. Sonneratia alba grows up to 40 metres ft tall with a trunk diameter of up to 70 centimetres 30 in. General information sonneratia apetala is a fastgrowing evergreen tree with a columnar crown. For more multimedia, look at sonneratia on wikimedia commons. Pdf chemical composition of leaves of a mangrove tree sonneratia apetala buch. Jul 23, 2014 this page was last edited on 15 september 2017, at 00. Pdf estimation of stored carbon in sonneratia apetala seedlings. Effects of pleistocene sealevel fluctuations on mangrove. Leaves elliptic to broadly ovate, oblong, obovate, or suborbicular.
Effects of isolated compound from sonneratia caseolaris. The mangrove species sonneratia apetala has been introduced to south china from bangladesh and frequently planted as part of reforestation efforts over the previous three decades. There are two species in the image set posted by you. Growth and yield of sonneratia apetala keora plantations. Nutrient compositions, antioxidant activity, and common phenolics. Pdf sonneratia apetala grows luxuriantly in the low saline zone of indian sundarbans. Stn 1 were mostly occupied by sonneratia caseolaris trees 2 to 5 m in height, saplings and seedlings with a few avicennia spp. This study investigated the potential endanger of alien plant sonneratia apetala sonneratia apetala subject category.
It is sparsely distributed but the tallest among the mangrove species in macao, growing up to a height of about 1520 meters. Fei li 1, li tuo 2, zhiwei su 1, xiaoqun wei 3, xiaoyong zhang 4, chenghai gao 1, riming huang 3. Two types of mycorrhiza are seen endotrophic, in which the fungus is internal, usually living within the cortical cells of the root, as in many orchids, and ectotrophic, in which the fungus is external, growing attached to the surface of the root, as in conifers and other plants. Response of sonneratia apetala to salinity in the frame. Changes of ecosystem carbon stock following the plantation of. Effects of isolated compound from sonneratia caseolaris leaf. Pdf the protective effect of sonneratia apetala fruit. Data on diameter at breast height diameter and total height height of 205 standing sample trees were collected by spiegel relascope for the purpose. Pdf the sundarbans is the worlds largest single tract of mangrove forest. The mangrove sonneratia apetala has been introduced into china since 1985 as a. Leaves simple, opposite, exstipulate, obovate to lanceolate, acute at the tip, cuneate at the base, undulate margin, glabrous, coriaceous, dull green, petiole. Village people need to know estimation procedure for timber inventory of this useful tree species. The cracked to fissured bark is brownish, turning grey below the. A gramstainpositive, aerobic, rodshaped, endosporeforming bacterium, designated strain m2ms4p1t, was isolated from surfacesterilized bark of sonneratiaapetala sampled in guangxi, china.
In the central sector, the mean agb of the species. Raintree samanea saman is a multipurpose village tree species grown in abundance at southern and northern regions of bangladesh. An attempt has been taken to compare economic performance of different ages of keora sonneratia apetala plantations in coastal zone in this paper. Usda, ars, germplasm resources information network. Floral tubes flattened, saucershaped in mature fruit. Eradicating invasive spartina alterniflora with alien. Growth and yield of sonneratia apetala keora plantations raised from different seed sources in the central coastal belt of bangladesh abstract. Planting of the exotic species sonneratia apetala can rapidly increase the mangrove area and biomass. Itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available, and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties. Bark greyishbrown, smooth, with horizontal oval lenticles. This page was last edited on 15 september 2017, at 00. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page.
Carbon storage is one of the main objectives for mangrove afforestation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective effect of a mangrove plant sonneratia apetala fruit extract safe on apapinduced. Although these six species share the same brackish water media, but. Text is available under the creative commons attributionsharealike license. An sonneratia apetala in nahilalakip ha genus nga sonneratia, ngan familia nga lythraceae. Sonneratia apetala is a fastgrowing evergreen tree with a columnar crown. Hybridization with natives augments the threats of. Physicochemical variables of ambient media and astaxanthin. The sundarbans is the worlds largest single tract of mangrove forest. Invasive capacity of the mangrove sonneratia apetala in hainan island, china.
As an initial restoration and reforestation effort, sonneratia apetala, a native of india, bengal and sri lanka. Department of agriculture agricultural research service. Formerly the sonneratia were placed in a family called sonneratiaceae which included both the sonneratia and the duabanga, but these two are now placed in their own monotypic subfamilies of the family lythraceae. The bacterium was characterized by a polyphasic approach to determine its taxonomic position. Sonneratia apetala family lythraceae is the major pioneer tree. Cytotoxic norsesquiterpene peroxides from the endophytic. In this study, we evaluated in the field the invasive capacity of s. Among them former three species are new distributional records for india.
Sonneratia apetala introduction alters methane cycling. In the next 10 years, the chinese government intends to plant an additional 60,000 ha of mangroves and s. However, it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes. The protective effect of sonneratia apetala fruit extract on acetaminopheninduced liver injury in mice. Cannell 1982 cites data on a mangrove forest dominated by rhizophora, ceriops, and sonneratia, averaging 11 m tall, with an lai leaf area index of 3. There has been long time speculation regarding the invasive capacity of this species and its contribution to the degradation of native plant communities.
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